The first astronauts to travel to the Moon in more than half a century are back on Earth after a record-setting mission aboard NASA’s Artemis II test flight.
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman (commander), Christina Koch (mission specialist), Victor Glover (pilot), and CSA astronaut Jeremy Hansen (mission specialist) pose for a group photo in the well deck of the USS John P. Murtha after inspecting the Orion spacecraft on Saturday, April 11, 2026.
The crew splashed down in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California on Friday, April 10, at 5:07 p.m. PDT (8:07 p.m. EDT), marking the completion of their Artemis II mission.
After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the astronauts were met by a combined NASA and U.S. military team that assisted them out of the spacecraft in open water and transported them via helicopter to the USS John P. Murtha for initial medical checkouts.
Artemis II is the first crewed flight aboard NASA’s human deep space capabilities, paving the way for future lunar surface missions.
NASA Night-light Imagery Tracks US Energy Transition, Global Volatility
This data visualization shows how nighttime light changed between 2014 and 2022 around the globe. For each date range, we see how much night lights changed during that period. Derived from satellite imagery taken daily over the past decade, golden areas feature brightening, purple areas feature dimming, and white areas show both kinds of changes. See full video.
Credits: Kel Elkins/NASA’s Scientific Visualization Studio
New nighttime maps based on NASA satellite imagery are upending assumptions, revealing a world where artificial brightening and dimming have intensified over the past decade. The findings show intense flaring over major oil and gas fields in the United States, while factors such as rural electrification and energy conservation are changing how billions around the world experience the night.
Scientists analyzed 1.6 million satellite images collected every night for nine years to picture Earth in a new light. Their findings reveal a world flickering with change.
Data image by Michala Garrison/ NASA Earth Observatory
“Unlocking energy sector insights is just one way NASA data is advancing national security interests at a critical time,” said Miguel Román, deputy director for atmospheres and data systems at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “Earth at night has so much to teach us.”
The study team, led by Tian Li and Zhe Zhu at the University of Connecticut, used a new algorithm to analyze 1.16 million satellite images collected at approximately 1:30 a.m. local time every day for nine years by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The refrigerator-size sensors, orbiting Earth at over 16,000 mph, can resolve light sources down to the scale of a toll booth on a dark highway. They fly aboard Earth science satellites that were launched and operated by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
The analysis, reported April 8 in Nature, covered most of the inhabited world, from latitudes between 60 degrees south and 70 degrees north. During the time frame analyzed—2014 to 2022—domestic production of oil and natural gas reached record levels, driven by technological developments and horizontal drilling. Satellite imagery revealed cycles of intense gas flaring over central U.S. regions, particularly the Permian Basin in Texas and North Dakota’s Bakken Formation. Flaring occurs at oil wellheads when excess gas—mostly methane—is burned off. The process releases carbon dioxide and soot, among other byproducts.
Flared gas is money burned, said Deborah Gordon, a methane expert at the non-profit Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) who was not involved in the study. “Letting operators, investors, and insurers know that this is happening is a huge value proposition, both privately and publicly to the world. And it all starts with taxpayer dollars and NASA.”
Scientists, such as Gordon, and analysts across industries, use NASA night-light data to understand how energy moves through grids, pipelines, and supply chains in near real time. The data is free to access via the agency’s Black Marble product suite.
“Understanding where gas is being wasted around the globe and to have this data be public is huge for energy, and economic and environmental security,” Gordon said. “The Black Marble product provides free, openly validated flaring data that are critical inputs into RMI’s suite of public tools.”
City of Light saves energy, global shocks revealed
The latest nighttime maps also challenge some long-held assumptions.
Instead of a planet that simply glows brighter over time due to development—the prevailing view among researchers for decades—the new analysis portrays a world flickering with industrial booms and busts, construction, and blackouts, as well as more gradual shifts, such as policy-driven retrofits.
The study team was able to detect changes in night lights continuously, pixel by pixel, using methods that filter out interference from moonlight, clouds, and atmospheric effects. Their approach acts like giving satellites “smart glasses,” allowing them to focus on real changes.
Overall, the researchers found that global radiance increased by 34% during the study period, but that surge masks large areas of dimming. Such “bidirectional changes” often happen side by side. In the U.S., for example, West Coast cities grew brighter as their populations increased, while much of the East Coast showed dimming, which the team attributed to the use of energy-efficient LEDs and broader economic restructuring.
The authors concluded that internationally, nighttime light surged in China and northern India along with urban development, while LEDs and energy conservation measures coincided with reduced light pollution in Paris and throughout France (a 33% dimming), the UK (22% dimming), and the Netherlands (21% dimming). European nights dimmed sharply in 2022 during a regional energy crisis that followed the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
Tracking such dips and flares night after night “is like watching the heartbeat of the planet,” said coauthor Zhe Zhu, director of the Global Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory at the University of Connecticut.
Flying since 2011, VIIRS sensors now are carried aboard three satellite platforms: Suomi NPP, NOAA-20, and NOAA-21. The instruments can sense light spanning visible to thermal infrared wavelengths. Their unique day-night band is ultrasensitive in low-light conditions, achieving finer resolution compared to previous night-light imagery provided by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program.
A luminous swirl set against the deep black of space, the barred spiral galaxy IC 486 glows with a soft, ethereal light in this new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image.
Credits: ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. J. Koss, A. J. Barth
A luminous swirl set against the deep black of space, the barred spiral galaxy IC 486 glows with a soft, ethereal light in this new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image.
IC 486 lies right on the edge of the constellation Gemini (the Twins), around 380 million light-years from Earth. Classified as a barred spiral galaxy, it features a bright central bar-shaped structure from which its spiral arms unfurl, wrapping around the core in a smooth, almost ring-like pattern.
Hubble’s keen eye reveals subtle variations in color across the galaxy. The pale, luminous center is dominated by older stars, while faint bluish regions in the surrounding disk trace pockets of more recent star formation. Wisps of dust thread through the galaxy’s structure, gently obscuring light and tracing regions of increased molecular gas where new stars are likely to form.
The barred spiral galaxy IC 486 glows with a soft, ethereal light in this new NASA Hubble Space Telescope image.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. J. Koss, A. J. Barth
At the galaxy’s center a noticeable white glow outshines the starlight around it. This is light from IC 486’s active galactic nucleus (AGN), which is powered by a supermassive black hole more than 100 million times the mass of the Sun. Every sufficiently large galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole at its center, but some of these black holes are particularly ravenous, assembling vast amounts of gas and dust into swirling accretion disks from which they feed. The intense heat generated by the orbiting disk of material generates intense radiation, including X-rays, which can outshine the entire rest of the galaxy. In these cases, the galaxy is known as an active galaxy, with an AGN at its center.
The data used to make this image comes from two separate observing programs — #17310 (PI: M. J. Koss) and #15444 (PI: A. J. Barth) — with similar aims: to survey nearby active galaxies like IC 486 and record detailed, high-quality images of their central black holes and the stars near the core of the galaxy. By combining Hubble’s sharp imaging capabilities with large comprehensive samples, these programs enable detailed comparisons of how stars, gas, dust, and black holes interact in galaxy centers.
This wide-field view of the spiral galaxy IC 486 from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope features a vibrant scene of distant background galaxies and foreground stars. Some stars appear with characteristic diffraction spikes. However, much of the field is dominated by the more diffuse, orange-red smudges of far more distant galaxies.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. J. Koss, A. J. Barth
A key goal of this work is to understand how galaxies grow by linking their large-scale structures, such as bars and spiral arms, to activity in their nuclei. To achieve this, the research teams leverage both expert classifications and citizen science through Galaxy Zoo, with datasets they will ultimately release to the public. In parallel, researchers are using the same images to test how well large language models and other machine learning techniques can reproduce or extend human classifications, offering a new way to scale galaxy morphology studies to the largest surveys that telescopes like Euclid and the Vera Rubin Observatory are preforming, and NASA’s Roman Space Telescope will perform.
Beyond IC 486, distant background galaxies and foreground stars pepper the image. Some stars appear with characteristic diffraction spikes, while the more diffuse, reddish smudges are far more distant galaxies scattered across the cosmos.
Though it may appear calm and orderly, IC 486 is a dynamic system shaped by gravity and stellar evolution. Over millions of years, its structure will continue to evolve as stars are born, age, and fade, contributing to the ongoing story of galactic life in the universe.
La nave espacial Orion de la NASA, con los tripulantes de la misión Artemis II —los astronautas de la NASA Reid Wiseman, comandante; Victor Glover, piloto; Christina Koch, especialista de misión; y el astronauta de la CSA (Agencia Espacial Canadiense) Jeremy Hansen, especialista de misión— a bordo, retratada al amerizar a las 5:07 p.m. PDT (hora del Pacífico) en el océano Pacífico, frente a la costa de California, el viernes 10 de abril de 2026. La misión Artemis II de la NASA llevó a Wiseman, Glover, Koch y Hansen en una travesía de 10 días alrededor de la Luna y de vuelta a la Tierra.
NASA/Joel Kowsky
Los primeros astronautas en viajar a la Luna en más de medio siglo han regresado a la Tierra tras una misión que ha establecido nuevos récords a bordo del vuelo de prueba Artemis II de la NASA.
Los astronautas de la NASA Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover y Christina Koch, y el astronauta Jeremy Hansen de la CSA (Agencia Espacial Canadiense) amerizaron a las 5:07 p.m. PDT (hora del Pacífico) de este viernes frente a la costa de San Diego, completando un viaje de casi 10 días que los llevó a una distancia máxima de 406.771 kilómetros (252.756 millas) de la Tierra.
“Reid, Victor, Christina y Jeremy: bienvenidos a casa y felicitaciones por un logro verdaderamente histórico. La NASA agradece al presidente Donald Trump y a sus aliados en el Congreso por proporcionar el mandato y los recursos que hicieron posible esta misión y el futuro de Artemis”, dijo el administrador de la NASA, Jared Isaacman. “Artemis II demostró una habilidad, valentía y dedicación extraordinarias a medida que la tripulación llevaba a Orion, al Sistema de Lanzamiento Espacial [SLS, por sus siglas en inglés] y a la exploración humana más lejos que nunca. Al ser los primeros astronautas en volar en este cohete y en esta nave espacial, la tripulación aceptó un riesgo considerable al servicio del conocimiento adquirido y el futuro que estamos decididos a construir. La NASA también reconoce las contribuciones de toda la fuerza laboral de esta agencia, así como la de nuestros socios internacionales, cuya pericia y compromiso fueron esenciales para el éxito de esta misión. Con la misión Artemis II completada, la atención se centra ahora con confianza en el ensamblaje de Artemis III y en los preparativos para regresar a la superficie lunar, establecer una base y no volver a abandonar la Luna jamás”.
Después de su amerizaje en el océano Pacífico, los astronautas fueron recibidos por un equipo combinado de la NASA y el ejército de Estados Unidos, que los asistió para salir de la nave espacial en mar abierto y los transportó en helicóptero hasta el buque USS John P. Murtha para someterse a exámenes médicos iniciales. Se espera que los miembros de la tripulación regresen al Centro Espacial Johnson de la NASA en Houston el sábado 11 de abril.
Durante su misión, Wiseman, Glover, Koch y Hansen recorrieron un total de 1.117.659 kilómetros (694.481 millas). Su sobrevuelo lunar los llevó más lejos de lo que jamás han viajado antes los seres humanos, superando el récord de la distancia anterior establecido por los astronautas del Apolo 13 en 1970.
La primera tripulación de Artemis despegó a bordo del cohete SLS de la NASA a las 6:35 p.m. del 1 de abril, desde la plataforma de lanzamiento 39B en el Centro Espacial Kennedy de la agencia en Florida. Con casi cuatro millones de kilogramos (8,8 millones de libras) de empuje en el momento del despegue, el cohete de fabricación estadounidense impulsó hacia el espacio a la tripulación ubicada dentro de la nave espacial Orion, situándola en órbita con una precisión milimétrica después de una cuenta regresiva sin contratiempos, dirigida por el equipo de control de lanzamiento de Artemis de la agencia.
Durante el primer día en el espacio, los astronautas y los equipos en tierra inspeccionaron la nave espacial —a la que la tripulación ha dado el nombre de Integrity (Integridad en español)— para confirmar que todos los sistemas funcionaban correctamente antes de hacer el tránsito hacia la Luna. La NASA también desplegó en la órbita terrestre cuatro pequeños satélites CubeSat de sus socios internacionales.
En el segundo día del vuelo de prueba, con todos los sistemas listos (“Go” en el argot astronáutico), el módulo de servicio de Orion encendió su motor principal, situando a los astronautas en una trayectoria que los llevó a 6.545 kilómetros (4.067 millas) por encima de la superficie lunar en su aproximación más cercana.
“La tripulación de Artemis II ya está en casa. Los sistemas de reentrada, descenso y aterrizaje funcionaron tal como fueron diseñados, y la prueba final se completó según lo previsto. Este momento pertenece a las miles de personas, de catorce países distintos, que construyeron este vehículo, lo sometieron a pruebas y depositaron su confianza en él. Su trabajo protegió cuatro vidas humanas que viajaban a 40.233 kilómetros (25.000 millas) por hora, y las trajo de regreso a la Tierra sanas y salvas”, dijo Amit Kshatriya, administrador asociado de la NASA. “Artemis II ha validado el vehículo, los equipos, la arquitectura y la colaboración internacional que llevarán de nuevo a la humanidad a la superficie lunar. Reid, Victor, Christina y Jeremy llevaron las esperanzas de este mundo más lejos de lo que los seres humanos han viajado en más de medio siglo. Hace 53 años, la humanidad dejó la Luna. Esta vez, hemos regresado para quedarnos. El futuro es nuestro para conquistarlo”.
Con astronautas a bordo por primera vez, los ingenieros sometieron a Orion a una evaluación completa durante el vuelo. La tripulación puso a prueba los sistemas de soporte vital de la nave espacial, confirmando que Orion es capaz de dar sustento a seres humanos en el espacio profundo. Durante varias demostraciones de pilotaje, los miembros de la tripulación tomaron el control manual de la astronave, pilotando a Orion para validar su maniobrabilidad y recopilar datos que servirán de guía para futuras operaciones de encuentro y acoplamiento con módulos de aterrizaje aptos para llevar tripulación durante la misión Artemis III y otras misiones futuras.
La tripulación completó una serie de pruebas que servirán de orientación para la forma en que la NASA llevará a cabo futuras misiones a la Luna. Entre estas pruebas se incluyeron evaluaciones sobre el funcionamiento de la nave espacial durante los ejercicios de la tripulación, el equipo y los procedimientos de emergencia, los trajes espaciales del sistema de supervivencia de la tripulación de Orion y otros sistemas críticos de la nave.
Wiseman, Glover, Koch y Hansen también respaldaron investigaciones científicas destinadas a ayudar a la NASA a preparar a los astronautas para vivir y trabajar en la Luna, a medida que la agencia construye una base lunar y fija su mirada en Marte. Estos experimentos —entre los que se incluye la investigación AVATAR, la cual estudia cómo responde el tejido humano a la microgravedad y al entorno de radiación del espacio profundo, así como otros estudios de investigación sobre los seres humanos y su desempeño—recopilan datos esenciales sobre la salud para misiones de larga duración.
Durante su sobrevuelo lunar del 6 de abril, los astronautas capturaron más de 7.000 imágenes de la superficie lunar y de un eclipse solar, durante el cual la Luna ocultó al Sol desde el punto de observación de Orion. Las imágenes incluyen vistas impresionantes de la puesta y la salida de la Tierra, cráteres de impacto, antiguos flujos de lava, nuestra galaxia, la Vía Láctea, así como de fracturas en la superficie y variaciones de color a lo largo del terreno lunar.
La tripulación documentó la topografía a lo largo del terminador —el límite entre el día y la noche lunares—, donde la luz solar rasante (de ángulo cerrado) proyecta largas sombras sobre la superficie, creando condiciones de iluminación similares a las de la región del Polo Sur, donde está previsto que alunicen los astronautas en 2028. Los astronautas también propusieron posibles nombres para dos cráteres lunares, e informaron sobre destellos de impactos de meteoroides en el lado de la Luna a oscuras.
Las investigaciones científicas de Artemis II allanarán el camino para futuras misiones a la superficie de la Luna, al contribuir al avance de las operaciones de misiones y capacitar a los astronautas para ejercer un juicio fundamentado a fin de identificar áreas de gran interés para la ciencia y la exploración.
Con la tripulación a salvo en la Tierra, la NASA y sus socios ahora centrarán su atención en los preparativos para la misión Artemis III del próximo año, en la que una nueva tripulación a bordo de Orion pondrá a prueba las operaciones integradas con módulos de aterrizaje lunar de fabricación comercial en la órbita terrestre baja.
Como parte de una edad de oro de innovación y exploración, la NASA enviará a los astronautas del programa Artemis en misiones cada vez más desafiantes para explorar más regiones de la Luna para lograr descubrimientos científicos y beneficios económicos, establecer una presencia humana duradera en la superficie lunar y sentar las bases para enviar a los primeros astronautas —astronautas estadounidenses— a Marte.
Para obtener más información sobre el programa Artemis, visita :
Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL cargo spacecraft launches atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida on April 11, 2026 to the International Space Station.
NASA+
NASA is sending more science, technology demonstrations, and crew supplies to the International Space Station following the successful launch of the agency’s Northrop Grumman Commercial Resupply Services 24 mission, or Northrop Grumman CRS-24.
Northrop Grumman’s Cygnus XL spacecraft, carrying approximately 11,000 pounds of cargo to the orbiting laboratory, lifted off at 7:41 a.m. EDT Saturday on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida.
Watch live coverage of the spacecraft’s arrival to the space station beginning at 12 p.m. on Monday, April 13, on NASA+, Amazon Prime, and the agency’s YouTube channel. Learn how to watch NASA content through a variety of online platforms, including social media.
Cygnus XL is scheduled to be captured at 12:50 p.m. by the station’s Canadarm2 robotic arm, operated by NASA astronauts Jack Hathaway and Chris Williams. After capture, the spacecraft will be installed on the Unity module’s Earth-facing port for cargo unloading.
NASA’s arrival and capture coverage is as follows (all times Eastern and subject to change based on real-time operations):
12:50 p.m. – Capture of Cygnus XL with the space station’s robotic arm.
The resupply mission is carrying dozens of research experiments that will be conducted during Expedition 74/75, including a new module to advance quantum science that could improve computing technology and aid in the search for dark matter, and hardware to produce a greater number of therapeutic stem cells for blood diseases and cancer. Cygnus also carries model organisms to study the gut microbiome and a receiver that could enhance space weather models to protect critical space infrastructure, such as GPS and radar.
These experiments are just some of the hundreds of scientific investigations conducted aboard the orbiting laboratory in the areas of biology and biotechnology, Earth and space science, physical sciences, and technology development and demonstrations.
Cygnus XL is scheduled to remain at the orbiting laboratory until October, before it departs and disposes of thousands of pounds of trash through its re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere, where it will harmlessly burn up.
Northrop Grumman named the spacecraft the S.S. Steven R. Nagel in honor of the former NASA astronaut who flew four space shuttle missions, commanded the Gamma Ray Observatory deployment, and logged 723 hours in space.
Learn more about this NASA commercial resupply mission at:
This image from April 10, 2026, captures NASA’s Orion spacecraft, with its parachutes deployed, seconds before splashdown in the Pacific Ocean. The Artemis II crew accomplished many milestones on their nearly 10-day mission, surpassing the Apollo 13 record for farthest crewed spaceflight and capturing views of the far side of the Moon.
Under Artemis, NASA will send astronauts on increasingly difficult missions to explore more of the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and to build on our foundation for the first crewed missions to Mars.
NASA’s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard was seen as it splashed down at 5:07 p.m. PDT in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA’s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth.
Credit: NASA/Joel Kowsky
The first astronauts to travel to the Moon in more than half a century are back on Earth after a record-setting mission aboard NASA’s Artemis II test flight.
NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen splashed down at 5:07 p.m. PDT Friday off the coast of San Diego, completing a nearly 10-day journey that took them 252,756 miles from home at their farthest distance from Earth.
“Reid, Victor, Christina, and Jeremy, welcome home, and congratulations on a truly historic achievement. NASA is grateful to President Donald Trump and partners in Congress for providing the mandate and resources that made this mission and the future of Artemis possible,” said NASA Administrator Jared Isaacman. “Artemis II demonstrated extraordinary skill, courage, and dedication as the crew pushed Orion, SLS (Space Launch System), and human exploration farther than ever before. As the first astronauts to fly this rocket and spacecraft, the crew accepted significant risk in service of the knowledge gained and the future we are determined to build. NASA also acknowledges the contributions of the entire NASA workforce, along with our international partners, whose expertise and commitment were essential to this mission’s success. With Artemis II complete, focus now turns confidently toward assembling Artemis III and preparing to return to the lunar surface, build the base, and never give up the Moon again.”
After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, the astronauts were met by a combined NASA and U.S. military team that assisted them out of the spacecraft in open water and transported them via helicopter to the USS John P. Murtha for initial medical checkouts. The crew members are expected to return to NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston on Saturday, April 11.
During their mission, Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen flew 694,481 miles in total. Their lunar flyby took them farther than any humans have ever traveled before, surpassing the previous distance record set by Apollo 13 astronauts in 1970.
The first Artemis crew launched on NASA’s SLS rocket at 6:35 p.m. April 1, from Launch Pad 39B at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. With 8.8 million pounds of thrust at liftoff, the American-built rocket propelled the crew inside the Orion spacecraft to space, delivering it to orbit with pinpoint accuracy after a smooth countdown conducted by the agency’s Artemis launch control team.
During the first day in space, the astronauts and teams on the ground checked out the spacecraft — named Integrity by the crew — to confirm all systems were healthy ahead of the transit to the Moon. NASA also deployed four CubeSats from international partners to Earth orbit.
On the second day of the test flight, with all systems Go, Orion’s service module fired its main engine, placing the astronauts on a trajectory that brought them 4,067 miles above the lunar surface at their closest approach.
“The Artemis II crew is home. The entry, descent, and landing systems performed as designed and the final test was completed as intended. This moment belongs to the thousands of people across fourteen countries who built, tested, and trusted this vehicle. Their work protected four human lives traveling at 25,000 miles per hour and brought them safely back to Earth,” said NASA Associate Administrator Amit Kshatriya. “Artemis II proved the vehicle, the teams, the architecture, and the international partnership that will return humanity to the lunar surface. Reid, Victor, Christina, and Jeremy carried the hopes of this world farther than humans have traveled in more than half a century. Fifty‑three years ago, humanity left the Moon. This time, we returned to stay. The future is ours to win.”
With astronauts aboard for the first time, engineers put Orion through a full in‑flight evaluation. The crew tested the spacecraft’s life support systems, confirming Orion can sustain humans in deep space. During several piloting demonstrations, crew members took manual control of the spacecraft, flying Orion to validate its handling and collect data that will guide future rendezvous and docking operations with human-rated landers during Artemis III and beyond.
The crew completed a series of tests to inform how NASA will fly future missions to the Moon, including evaluations of how the spacecraft operates during crew exercise, emergency equipment and procedures, the Orion crew survival system spacesuits, and other critical spacecraft systems.
Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen also supported scientific investigations to help NASA prepare astronauts to live and work on the Moon as the agency builds a Moon Base and looks toward Mars. These experiments — including the AVATAR investigation, which studies how human tissue responds to microgravity and the deep space radiation environment, and other human research performance studies — are gathering essential health data for long-duration missions.
During their April 6 lunar flyby, the astronauts captured more than 7,000 images of the lunar surface and a solar eclipse, during which the Moon blocked the Sun from Orion’s vantage point. The imagery includes striking views of earthset and earthrise, impact craters, ancient lava flows, our Milky Way galaxy, and surface fractures and color variations across the lunar terrain.
They documented the topography along the terminator — the boundary between lunar day and night — where low-angle sunlight casts long shadows across the surface, creating illumination conditions similar to those in the South Pole region where astronauts are scheduled to land in 2028. The crew also proposed potential names for two lunar craters and reported meteoroid impact flashes on the night side of the Moon.
Artemis II science will pave the way for future missions to the Moon’s surface by helping advance mission operations and training astronauts to use well-informed judgment to identify areas of high interest for science and exploration.
With the crew safely on Earth, NASA and its partners now will turn attention to preparing for next year’s Artemis III mission, when a new Orion crew will test integrated operations with commercially built Moon landers in low Earth orbit.
As part of a Golden Age of innovation and exploration, NASA will send Artemis astronauts on increasingly challenging missions to explore more of the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, establish an enduring human presence on the lunar surface, and lay the groundwork for sending the first astronauts – American astronauts – to Mars.
A container of “lucky peanuts” sits above workstations within the Space Flight Operations Facility at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory shortly before the launch of the Artemis II mission to the Moon on April 1, 2026. Eating peanuts before launches and other major mission events is a longstanding tradition at JPL.
The Space Flight Operations Facility operates the DSN, which comprises three complexes in Goldstone, California; Madrid, Spain; and Canberra, Australia. Each complex consists of several radio frequency antennas that communicate with dozens of spacecraft exploring the solar system in addition to the crewed Artemis II mission.
The DSN is managed by JPL for the agency’s Space Communications and Navigation program, which is located at NASA Headquarters within the Space Operations Mission Directorate. The DSN allows missions to track, send commands to, and receive scientific data from faraway spacecraft. JPL is managed by Caltech in Pasadena, California, for NASA.
