Saturday 30 January 2016

Media Accreditation Open for Next Commercial Space Station Cargo Mission

NASA has opened media accreditation for the next launch of a commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station. The launch of Orbital ATK’s Cygnus spacecraft is scheduled for Thursday, March 10, during a 30-minute window that opens at approximately 3 a.m. EST.

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Friday 29 January 2016

NASA Television to Air Russian Spacewalk

NASA Television will broadcast live coverage of a 5.5-hour spacewalk by two Russian cosmonauts aboard the International Space Station beginning at 7:30 a.m. EST Wednesday, Feb. 3.

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CometWatch – January Part 2

In this new NAVCAM view, taken 21 January, Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s small lobe and its distinctive Hatmehit depression face directly towards Rosetta. The Bastet region on the small lobe faces directly up in this orientation, with Ma’at immediately to the left and Wosret to the right. In the background, on the large lobe, a swath of smoother terrain – defining Aker, with Khepry beyond – lies between the more rugged terrain of Babi (left) and Anhur (right). Parts of these southern hemisphere regions (to the right in the NAVCAM image) were also seen in spectacularly detailed images captured by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera this week. For example, the image below was taken on 27 January as part of an extensive surface mapping campaign. The complete sequence is aiming for a large coverage of the southern hemisphere to be used for 3D shape reconstruction and composition maps. The relatively flat Aker surface can be identified to the right in this image, with Khepry to the top and Anhur towards the foreground. Sobek (centre) marks the transition towards the small lobe (left) where distinctive fracture patterns are clearly seen in Wosret (far left). As we learned in the original OSIRIS release yesterday, the image also features two regions not previously mentioned before: Neith and Bes. The details of the regions and the locations of the boundaries are still under study (and precisely why images like this are essential), but broadly speaking, Neith lies between Wosret and Sobek on the small lobe, and Bes lies to the right of Anhur and extends into the foreground of this particular image. The OSIRIS team also released a striking new view focusing on the Khonsu region this week, at the boundary with Atum and Anubis (above). A variety of fracture-like features and layers are clearly visible. For example, […]

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NASA to Announce Science, Technology Missions for First Flight of Space Launch System

NASA Television will air the announcement of the selection of a fleet of small satellites to launch on the inaugural flight of the agency’s Space Launch System (SLS). The event is at 11 a.m. EST (10 a.m. CST) Tuesday, Feb. 2, from NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama.

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Thursday 28 January 2016

NAVCAM archive update

796 NAVCAM images were just added to the Archive Image Browser. They cover the period 26 August to 20 October 2015, which includes beautiful post-perihelion images, and the comet from afar during Rosetta's far excursion. The latest images can be found in the folders labelled MTP020 and MTP021.

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UPDATE: NASA Remembers Its Fallen Heroes, 30th Anniversary of Challenger Accident

NASA will pay will tribute to the crews of Apollo 1 and space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, as well as other NASA colleagues, during the agency's Day of Remembrance on Thursday, Jan. 28, the 30th anniversary of the Challenger accident. NASA's Day of Remembrance honors members of the NASA family who lost their lives while furthering the cause of

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Wednesday 27 January 2016

Twin tails

Amateur and professional astronomers alike have been monitoring changes in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko’s tail, which, since December, has been exhibiting two prominent structures. “Current indications from the data we’re collecting of Comet 67P/C-G is that both features are dust structures,” says professional astronomer Alan Fitzsimmons, who has recently spent time observing the comet with the Isaac Newton Telescope in La Palma. Multiple tail structures are not uncommon in comets, and indeed have been observed during previous apparitions of Comet 67P/C-G. The two portions of the tail are attributed to different populations of dust grains swept away from the comet’s nucleus by the radiation pressure of the Sun over the course of its 6.5 year orbit around the Sun. In the image above, taken with the 2.5m Isaac Newton Telescope on La Palma, the upper ‘streamer’ is precisely aligned along the projected orbit of the comet, implying it is made of large and/or old dust grains moving slowly along the orbit of comet. This part is called a comet dust trail because it is formed from the particles trailing along the path of a comet. This dust trail of Comet 67P/C-G has been seen several times before by both ground-based telescopes and space-based infrared observatories. The lower portion of the dust tail exhibits a thin central core and resembles a feature called a neckline structure. This is formed from dust grains released on the “opposite side” of the orbit from the time of the observation, and all lining up as seen from Earth. This has also been seen before in previous returns of Comet 67P/C-G. “We need to do more calculations and modelling, but if our interpretation is correct, then the dust grains forming the neckline in December 2015 were ejected from the comet nucleus around March last year, prior to perihelion,” […]

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Monday 25 January 2016

Space science image of the week: Exploring Imhotep

A recent OSIRIS image is featured as our ESA Space Science Image of the Week; the caption is mirrored below: This beautiful landscape feels within arm’s reach in this stunning view across the Imhotep region on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The view was captured by Rosetta’s OSIRIS narrow-angle camera on 17 January 2016, from a distance of 86.8 km. Measuring 3.2 km across, it captures one of the most geologically diverse areas of the comet. Imhotep is perhaps most easily identified by the broad smooth area that occupies the centre-right portion of this view. This smooth dusty terrain, which covers about 0.8 sq km, is etched with curvilinear features stretching hundreds of metres and which have been found to change in appearance over time. Many large boulders are also seen scattered within the smooth terrain, including the boulder Cheops in the foreground. Smaller but more numerous boulders are associated with exposed cliff faces and are most likely the product of erosion. In some debris falls, detailed analysis has revealed the presence of water ice. Particularly eye-catching is the distinctive layered and fractured material to the left of centre in the background. Similar patterns are also seen in the exposed cliff-like faces towards the right of the scene too, where Imhotep transitions into the Khepry region. Layers like this are seen in various locations on the comet and scientists are trying to understand how they might be related to the comet’s formation and/or evolution. Just in front of the prominent left-hand stack of layers a number of small round features can be found. They have a well-defined rim with a smooth interior and appear slightly raised from the surrounding material. One explanation for their appearance is that they are ancient sites of active regions covered by dust and are now being revealed by varying erosion of the overlying layers. Further in the foreground […]

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Saturday 23 January 2016

Voyager Mission Celebrates 30 Years Since Uranus

Arriving at Uranus in 1986, Voyager 2 observed a bluish orb

Looking back at the first and only encounter with this mysterious planet (so far).





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Friday 22 January 2016

NASA Remembers Its Fallen Heroes, 30th Anniversary of Challenger Accident

NASA will pay will tribute to the crews of Apollo 1 and space shuttles Challenger and Columbia, as well as other NASA colleagues, during the agency's Day of Remembrance on Thursday, Jan. 28, the 30th anniversary of the Challenger accident. NASA's Day of Remembrance honors members of the NASA family who lost their lives while furthering the cause of

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CometWatch 17 January

Today's CometWatch features a NAVCAM image taken on 17 January 2016, when Rosetta was 83.4 km from the comet nucleus. The scale is 7.1 m/pixel and the image measures 7.3 km across. The image shows 67P/C-G with the large lobe on the left and the small one on the right, in a similar orientation to that of CometWatch 16 August 2015. In that image, taken only three days after perihelion, the comet's spectacular activity dominated the view, while today's image reveals more of the diversity of terrains that are found on the surface. In the upper part, we see a rough portion of the Khepry region (on the left) and a seemingly smoother portion of Aker (on the right). These two areas were often portrayed in CometWatch entries from April and May 2015, for example in this image from 21 May. Towards the left edge of the nucleus, this view reveals the narrow and elongated Aten. At the centre of the large lobe is the Babi region, bridging to the dust covered terrains of Ash on the lower left and to Seth, which is almost entirely cast in shadow, on the lower right. This image also beautifully portrays the string of boulders on the smooth Hapi region, on the 'neck' of the comet, leading towards the more rugged Sobek towards the top right. On the small lobe, we see the rough Bastet region (top) neighbouring smoother portions of Ma'at (bottom). To the right, the large circular depression of Hatmehit is depicted in a striking contrast of bright and shadowed areas that reveal many boulders lying in this region. You can use the interactive comet viewer tool to explore the various regions of the surface of 67P/C-G. The original 1024 x 1024 image is provided below.

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A Planetary Quintet is Dancing Across the Skies

Early risers have an opportunity to see five naked-eye planets in pre-dawn skies

For the next month, early risers will have a chance to feast their eyes on a rare lineup of five planets.





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NASA Mars Rover Curiosity Tastes Scooped, Sieved Sand

Curiosity's current work area where the rover continues its campaign to study an active sand dune on Mars.

At its current location for inspecting an active sand dune, NASA's Curiosity Mars rover is adding some sample-processing moves not previously used on Mars.





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Thursday 21 January 2016

NASA's LISA Pathfinder Thrusters Operated Successfully

The LISA Pathfinder spacecraft Illustration

The Disturbance Reduction System on LISA Pathfinder has the goal of keeping the spacecraft as still as possible.





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Media Invited to See NASA’s Orion Crew Module for its Journey to Mars

NASA’s Orion crew module will be available to media at two NASA locations Jan. 26th and in early February, as engineers continue to prepare the spacecraft to send astronauts deeper into space than ever before, including to an asteroid placed in lunar orbit and on the journey to Mars.

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Wednesday 20 January 2016

NASA, NOAA Analyses Reveal Record-Shattering Global Warm Temperatures in 2015

Earth’s 2015 surface temperatures were the warmest since modern record keeping began in 1880, according to independent analyses by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

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Monday 18 January 2016

Jason-3 Launches to Monitor Global Sea Level Rise

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket carrying the U.S.-European Jason-3 satellite launches

Jason-3, a U.S.-European oceanography satellite mission with NASA participation, lifted off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California Sunday at 10:42 a.m. PST (1:42 EST) aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.





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Jason-3 Launches to Monitor Global Sea Level Rise

Jason-3, a U.S.-European oceanography satellite mission with NASA participation that will continue a nearly quarter-century record of tracking global sea level rise, lifted off from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California Sunday at 10:42 a.m. PST (1:42 p.m. EST) aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket.

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Saturday 16 January 2016

NASA Administrator Communicates Harassment Policies to Grantees

Letter from NASA Administrator Charles Bolden to grantee institutions running NASA-funded programs regarding harassment policies.

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NASA's Stardust Sample Return was 10 Years Ago Today

Comet Mission Returns to Earth

The Stardust capsule carried precious cargo that revolutionized our understanding of comets.





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Friday 15 January 2016

NASA Invites Media for Live Interviews on James Webb Space Telescope

NASA scientists and engineers working on the agency’s James Webb Space Telescope will be available for live satellite interviews from 6 to 11:30 a.m. EST on Friday, Jan. 22. They’ll discuss the new technology involved in building the world’s largest and most powerful space telescope, and the groundbreaking science it will perform after its 2018 lau

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NASA, NOAA Announce 2015 Global Temperatures, Climate Conditions

Climate experts from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) will discuss the release of new data on 2015 global temperatures, and the most important weather and climate events of the year, during a media teleconference at 11 a.m. EST Wednesday, Jan. 20.

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Most Luminous Galaxy Is Ripping Itself Apart

This artist's rendering shows a galaxy called W2246-0526

About 12.4 billion years ago, a supermassive black hole produced so much energy, it stirred up gas across its entire galaxy.





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CometWatch – January Part 1

Since the start of the 2016 we have been treated to a variety of views of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from Rosetta’s OSIRIS wide- and narrow-angle cameras through their “Image of the Day” website. While some images have focused on the comet’s activity, others have captured beautiful details on the comet’s nucleus. A particularly striking view can be seen in the image released on Wednesday (above) this week, showing an oblique view across the Imhotep region. The Anhur region in the southern hemisphere is in the foreground while Khepry lies to the far left and Khonsu to the right. It is a picture of contrasts, with smooth terrain littered with boulders and surrounded by more rugged terrain. Examples of fractures and complex layering can also be readily found, especially when zooming in to the full resolution version. Many previous images of Imhotep have given a bird's eye view of this region, looking straight down, but this new perspective certainly helps to give a feel for the relative elevation of the terrain that bounds the smooth central plains of Imhotep. For example, the raised ‘cliff’ in the distance marks the boundary with Ash. Rosetta’s NAVCAM also continues to provide stunning new views encapsulating the comet in its entirety: the image above was taken on 7 January from a distance of 74.1 km and captures a beautiful play of shadows falling onto the large lobe. The comet’s southern hemisphere is also visible in this view, to the far right of both the small and large lobe. On the large lobe it is primarily Atum that can be seen in the foreground, with Anhur beyond. On the small lobe a number of regions can be identified, notably Serqet, Nut and Maftet, with the relatively flat face of Wosret seen edge on. (Hint: use our comet viewer tool to help […]

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NOAA's Jason-3 Spacecraft Ready for Launch

Artist's rendering of Jason-3. Credit: NASA

Jason-3, an international mission led by NOAA to continue U.S.-European satellite measurements of ocean-surface topography, is scheduled for launch on Jan. 17.





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NASA Awards Contract for Simulation, Aircraft Services

NASA has selected the Unisys Corporation, of Reston, Virginia, to provide simulation-related hardware and software technology support services for NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia.

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NASA Awards International Space Station Cargo Transport Contracts

NASA has awarded three cargo contracts to ensure the critical science, research and technology demonstrations that are informing the agency’s journey to Mars are delivered to the International Space Station (ISS) from 2019 through 2024. The agency unveiled its selection of Orbital ATK of Dulles, Virginia; Sierra Nevada Corporation of Sparks, Nevada

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Thursday 14 January 2016

NASA to Make Major Space Station Cargo Transport Announcement Today

NASA will make a major announcement today at 4 p.m. EST regarding the future of commercial resupply launches to the International Space Station (ISS). The announcement will be made during a news conference from NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, broadcast live on NASA Television and the agency’s website at:

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NASA, Texas Instruments Launch mISSion imaginaTIon

Today’s students are the engineers and scientists of the future, so NASA and Texas Instruments (TI) are teaming up and using the one-year International Space Station mission to inspire students to study science, technology, engineering and math (STEM).

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UPDATE: NASA Advisory Panel Releases 2015 Safety Report

The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP), an advisory committee that reports to NASA and Congress, has issued its annual report examining NASA's safety performance in 2015 and highlighting accomplishments, issues and concerns to agency and government officials.

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NASA Advisory Panel Releases 2015 Safety Report

The Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP), an advisory committee that reports to NASA and Congress, has issued its annual report examining NASA's safety performance in 2015 and highlighting accomplishments, issues and concerns to agency and government officials.

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NASA's Juno Spacecraft Breaks Solar Power Distance Record

Juno Mission to Jupiter (Artist's Concept)

NASA's Juno mission to Jupiter has broken the record to become humanity's most distant solar-powered emissary.





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Exposed ice on Rosetta’s comet confirmed as water

This article is mirrored from the main ESA Web Portal. Observations made shortly after Rosetta’s arrival at its target comet in 2014 have provided definitive confirmation of the presence of water ice. Although water vapour is the main gas seen flowing from comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, the great majority of ice is believed to come from under the comet’s crust, and very few examples of exposed water ice have been found on the surface. However, a detailed analysis by Rosetta’s VIRTIS infrared instrument reveals the composition of the comet’s topmost layer: it is primarily coated in a dark, dry and organic-rich material but with a small amount of water ice mixed in. In the latest study, which focuses on scans between September and November 2014, the team confirms that two areas several tens of metres across in the Imhotep region that appear as bright patches in visible light, do indeed include a significant amount of water ice. The ice is associated with cliff walls and debris falls, and was at an average temperature of about –120ºC at the time. In those regions, pure water ice was found to occupy around 5% of each pixel sampling area, with the rest made up of the dark, dry material. The abundance of ice was calculated by comparing Rosetta’s VIRTIS infrared measurements to models that consider how ice grains of different sizes might be mixed together in one pixel. The data reveal two different populations of grains: one is several tens of micrometres in diameter, while the other is larger, around 2 mm. These sizes contrast with the very small grains, just a few micrometres in diameter, found in the Hapi region on the ‘neck’ of the comet, as observed by VIRTIS in a different study. “The various populations of icy grains on the surface of […]

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Wednesday 13 January 2016

Perihelion images in NAVCAM archive

759 NAVCAM images from around perihelion, covering the period 1 July to 25 August 2015, are now available in the Archive Image Browser. Browse them in the folders labelled "Comet Escort 3 MTP018" and "Comet Escort 3 MTP019"  

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Tuesday 12 January 2016

New Details on Ceres Seen in Dawn Images

Kupalo Crater from LAMO

Intriguing features on dwarf planet Ceres stand out in exquisite detail in new images from NASA's Dawn spacecraft, which recently reached its lowest-ever altitude at Ceres.





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Friday 8 January 2016

CometWatch 18-19 December

Today's CometWatch entry is a double feature, showing two NAVCAM images taken about twelve hours apart, on 18 and 19 December 2015, when Rosetta was around one hundred km from the comet nucleus. While, at first sight, the two images look quite similar, a closer inspection will reveal one interesting difference... Can you spot it? Both images focus on the Imhotep region, located on the comet's large lobe. Imhotep is one of the most geologically complex and diverse portions of 67P/C-G, presenting both smooth and rocky terrains, small and large circular features, and over 200 boulders. The difference between these two CometWatch images is to be found in one of Imhotep's large circular features – also known as accumulation basins – in particular, in the one just to the top right of the image centre. A subtle jet of dust, somehow suggestive of the 'sunset jets' detected with the OSIRIS camera in April 2015, is visible against the shadowed cliff of the basin in the 19 December image, while no sign of such activity can be seen on the same region in the image from previous day. There are also small differences in orientation and illumination between the two images. Portions of other comet regions are also portrayed in these two pictures: Ash along the left edge of the large lobe and Khepry on the lower and right sides. A hint of the small lobe is visible in the background of both images, towards the lower left. The uncropped, enhanced images as well as the original 1024 x 1024 frames are provided below. The scale is 8.5 m/pixel for the 18 December image and 8.7 m/pixel for the 19 December one; they measure 8.7 and 8.9 km across, respectively. 18 December 2015: 19 December 2015:

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Philae status report: “Time is running out”

This text is based on the report published today by the German Aerospace Center, DLR. Rosetta’s lander Philae has remained silent since 9 July 2015. With every passing day, Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko is getting further and further away from the Sun, and as such, temperatures are falling on the comet's surface. Things are getting critical for Philae: conditions are predicted to be “lander-hostile” – too cold – by the end of January. But the lander team are going to try another method to trigger a reponse from Philae: on 10 January they will send a command, via Rosetta, to attempt to make Philae’s momentum wheel switch on. "Time is running out, so we want to exhaust all possibilities," says Stephan Ulamec, Philae lander manager at DLR. Philae’s momentum wheel ensured that it was stable during its descent from the orbiter on 12 November, 2014. If the command is successfully received and executed, the hope is that it might shift the lander’s position. "At best, Philae might shake its itself free, making it better aligned with the Sun, and clearing dust from the solar panels," explains Philae technical manager Koen Geurts at DLR’s lander control centre. But it is also possible that the lander may not be able to respond to the command. It remains unclear as to what state Philae is in since it last sent data about its health in July, but the DLR team believes that one of the lander’s two transmitters and one of the two receivers have failed. The second transmitter and receiver apparently no longer function smoothly, either. The team also hopes that the lander is not covered with too much dust generated by the active comet through the perihelion months. "The silence of Philae unfortunately does not bode well," says Stephan. In the night of 21-22 December, 2015, the receiver on […]

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NASA Office to Coordinate Asteroid Detection, Hazard Mitigation

Diagram depicting the passage of asteroid 2012 DA14 through the Earth-moon system on Feb. 15, 2013.

NASA has formalized its ongoing program for detecting and tracking near-Earth objects.





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Thursday 7 January 2016

NASA CORAL Mission to Raise Reef Studies to New Level

Coral reef in the Mariana Islands.

A NASA field campaign will measure the condition of the world's threatened coral reef ecosystems over a larger area, and in greater detail, than ever before.





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NASA Telescopes Find 'Twins' of Superstar Eta Carinae

Eta twins in Galaxy M83

A new study has found five objects with similar properties to the most luminous and massive stellar system within 10,000 light-years of Earth.





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Wednesday 6 January 2016

Runaway Stars Leave Infrared Waves in Space

Bow Shocks in Space

Cosmic bow shocks are leading astronomers to some of the galaxy's speediest stars.





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Tuesday 5 January 2016

Andromeda Galaxy Scanned with High-Energy X-ray Vision

Andromeda in High-Energy X-rays

Astronomers are looking to the Andromeda galaxy for new views of dead stellar remains.





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NASA TV to Air News Briefing on Upcoming Spacewalk

NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston will host a briefing at 2 p.m. EST (1 p.m. CST) on Tuesday, Jan. 12, to preview the tasks and preparation for a spacewalk by astronauts living aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

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Rover Rounds Martian Dune to Get to the Other Side

Full-Circle Panorama Beside 'Namib Dune' on Mars

NASA's Curiosity rover has driven to the downwind side of an active sand dune and returned images of cascaded sand.





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NASA Research Could Save Commercial Airlines Billions in New Era of Aviation

The nation’s airlines could realize more than $250 billion dollars in savings in the near future thanks to green-related technologies developed and refined by NASA’s aeronautics researchers during the past six years.

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Monday 4 January 2016

Holiday highlights

Happy New Year and welcome back to the Rosetta blog! We’re looking forward to sharing more scientific discoveries with you as Rosetta continues to study Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in unprecedented detail, all the way up to its dramatic finale in September that will see the spacecraft conclude its incredible mission on the surface of the comet (read more about that here). But first, to start the new year, check out the images of the comet published via the OSIRIS image of the day website over the holiday period – we’ve collected them together in an image slideshow, here.

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Sol 4225: Sliding Down Horsetail Falls

Mission Overview Where is Curiosity? Mission Updates Overview Instruments Highlights Exploration Goals News and Featur...